Poverty Caused by Education: Educational Issues in China in the New Era
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Published
Feb 24, 2021
Abstract
Education, as one of the forms of human capital investment, especially in developing countries, is considered an important way for families to get rid of generational poverty. The contradictory “poverty caused by education” is an education problem in the new era. It is a social phenomenon in which family members (children) receive education and cause family economic poverty. Based on the connotation of “poverty caused by education,” this paper analyzed its formation mechanism from the three levels of society, family, and school and tried to give some suggestions to reduce the risk of “poverty caused by education effectively.”
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Keywords
Poverty, Education, Causality, Investment, Family Expenditure, Overeducation
References
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Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Lon-don: Routledge.
Chen, C., & Zhi, T. (2017). The scale and allocation structure of education funding in major countries in the world. China Higher Education Research, 2017(11): 77-85+105. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2017.11.14
Chen, S., Zhang, C., & Liu, B. (2016). University Tuition Adjustment Survey: How to calculate the training cost per student? China Education News, 08-16 [Chinese] http://education.news.cn/2016-08/16/c_129232916_3.htm
Chen, Y. (2018). The historical context and realistic dilemmas of the development of secondary vocational education in my country. China Economics of Education Review, 3(4): 91-108. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.19512/j.cnki.issn2096-2088.2018.04.007
Dao, K., Wang, C., & Ding, C. (2019). On the invasion and interference of basic education by off-campus training institutions. Journal of the Chinese Society of Education, 2019(1): 79-84+101. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZJYX201901018.htm
Ding, Y. (2018). Leading the “Key” of education for poverty alleviation. People’s Daily, 07-20 http://news.bnu.edu.cn/pt/mtsd/103367.htm
Douglas, M., & Isherwood, B. (1980) The World of Goods, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp.176.
Fan, X., & Zhou, W. (1998). On the Sharing and Compensation of Education Costs. Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 1998(1): 24-31+130. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1998-HZSD801.013.htm
HSBC Holdings plc. (2017) The Value of Education: Looking High and Looking For-ward, HSBC Holdings plc, London.
Liao, Y. (2014). Investigation and Research on Improving the Current System of Helping the Needy in Colleges and Universities: Case study of the university T. Dissertation; Shanghai: East China Normal University. [Chinese] http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10269-2006015076.htm
Liu, Q. (2006). Education to Poverty: “Super-Development Phenomenon” in Developing Countries. The Beijing News, 02-10. [Chinese] http://opinion.southcn.com/culture/200602100148.htm
Lu, D., & Wang, B. (2007). On the education investment risk of low-income families under the situation of rising tuition fees. Public Administration Research, 2007(1): 78-83. [Chinese] http://www.cqvip.com/QK/89622X/20071/36639456.html
Lu, Z. (2017). The “Poverty Caused by Education” Dilemma and Conceptual Turn in Rural Educational Poverty Alleviation. Theory and Practice of Education, 37(2): 10-12. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-jyll201702004.htm
Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance. (2020) Announcement on the Implementation of National Education Funds in 2019 Jiaocai [2020] No. 8, 10-23 http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A05 /s3040/202011/t20201103_497961.html
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OECD. (2016) Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, 177, 193.
Peng, T. (2009). Return to poverty due to education and anti-poverty through education. Journal of Hubei Administration Institute, 2009(3): 26-29. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7155.2009.03.006
Qin, A. (2005). Educational consumption in the perspective of social stratification. Culture and History Vision, 2005(10): 45-47. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-FLWS200510013.htm
Tan, J., & Li, Q. (2018). An Analysis of “Poverty Caused by Learning” under the Back-ground of Educational Poverty Alleviation Policy: Taking County A in Gansu Province as an Example. Journal of Tai-yuan Urban Vocational College, 2018(9): 101-102. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16227/j.cnki.tycs.2018.0702
Wang, C., & Wang, G. (2003). New poverty-causing factors and countermeasures in rural China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 24(5): 326-330. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-NXDH200305001.htm
Wang, J. (2020). Construction of after-school personalized auxiliary learning platform for junior high school. Journal of Teaching and Management, 821(28): 23-25. [Chinese] http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=JXGL202028008
Wang, S., & Hu, H. (2020). 8.74 million college graduates in 2020 set a new record. Xinhuanet, 05-12 http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-05/12/c_1125974840.htm
Wei, Y. (2020). On-campus or off-campus: A Study on the Status Quo of Family Education Expenditure in China’s Basic Education Stage. Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences), 38(5): 103-116. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.05.006
Wen, H., & Tan, X. (2015). Interpretation and Policy Recommendations on the Phenomenon of “Poverty Caused by Education” in Rural Families: Based on the Perspective of Vulnerability Theory. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 15(2): 113-120. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.13968/j.cnki.1009-9107.2015.02.017
Wen, W. (2019). Research on the Changes of Rural Family Education Investment. Pioneering with Science & Technology Monthly, 32(7): 136-137. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KJCK201907042.htm
Xu, Y. (2019). Research on precision funding countermeasures for needy students in colleges and universities - Taking Colleges in Xuzhou as examples. Dissertation; Northwest A&F University. [Chinese] http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10712-1019901573.htm
Yang, M., & Zhao, T. (2020). Research on Parent Investment Counseling Organization Behavior. Journal of Jinan Vocational College, 2020(5): 86-88+112. [Chinese] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=JLXX202005030&v=8lr1hgJoADqzvaZf76dR0kWBPKVwu77Toy5kFWBhjlhusCWmMjITAvP5AAt%25mmd2BRmkX
Yang, X. (2007). The formation mechanism, causes, and countermeasures of “education causing poverty.” Fudan Education Forum, 5(3): 36-40+48. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-0059.2007.03.009
Ye, W. (2010). High tuition and low employment will cause low-income families to “bankrupt” due to education (3). Nanfang News Network, 01-29. [Chinese] https://news.qq.com/a/20100129/000504_1.htm
Yu, S. (2006). Analysis of the Causes of “Poverty Caused by Education.” Education & Economy, 2006(1): 59- 61. [Chinese] https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD2006-JYJI200601015.htm
Zhang, J. (2008). Educational Spillover, Educational Poverty and Educational Compensation: A Study on the Educational Compensation Mechanism of Disadvantaged Families and Disadvantaged Areas from the Perspective of Externalities. Educational Research, 2008(7): 21-25. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JYYJ200807006.htm
Zhang, L. (2020). Overview of the poverty-alleviation by supporting education in China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 6(2): 631-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.re010
Zhang, L., Niu, J. & Hou, D. (2019). Analysis and countermeasures on the paradox of “poverty caused by education” under the background of rural revitalization. The Frontiers of Society, Science, and Tech-nology, 1(5): 159-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25236/FSST.19010528
Zhao, L., & Zou, X. (2019). How to solve the problem of pupils leaving school at 3:30. Legal Daily, 12-20 http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/Education_Channel/content/content_8080146.html
Zou, W., & Zheng, H. (2014). Why don’t children from low-income families read: risks, intergenerational transmission of human capital, and poverty traps. Economic Perspectives, 2014(6): 16-31. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SWZJ201500023.htm
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Lon-don: Routledge.
Chen, C., & Zhi, T. (2017). The scale and allocation structure of education funding in major countries in the world. China Higher Education Research, 2017(11): 77-85+105. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2017.11.14
Chen, S., Zhang, C., & Liu, B. (2016). University Tuition Adjustment Survey: How to calculate the training cost per student? China Education News, 08-16 [Chinese] http://education.news.cn/2016-08/16/c_129232916_3.htm
Chen, Y. (2018). The historical context and realistic dilemmas of the development of secondary vocational education in my country. China Economics of Education Review, 3(4): 91-108. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.19512/j.cnki.issn2096-2088.2018.04.007
Dao, K., Wang, C., & Ding, C. (2019). On the invasion and interference of basic education by off-campus training institutions. Journal of the Chinese Society of Education, 2019(1): 79-84+101. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZJYX201901018.htm
Ding, Y. (2018). Leading the “Key” of education for poverty alleviation. People’s Daily, 07-20 http://news.bnu.edu.cn/pt/mtsd/103367.htm
Douglas, M., & Isherwood, B. (1980) The World of Goods, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp.176.
Fan, X., & Zhou, W. (1998). On the Sharing and Compensation of Education Costs. Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 1998(1): 24-31+130. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1998-HZSD801.013.htm
HSBC Holdings plc. (2017) The Value of Education: Looking High and Looking For-ward, HSBC Holdings plc, London.
Liao, Y. (2014). Investigation and Research on Improving the Current System of Helping the Needy in Colleges and Universities: Case study of the university T. Dissertation; Shanghai: East China Normal University. [Chinese] http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10269-2006015076.htm
Liu, Q. (2006). Education to Poverty: “Super-Development Phenomenon” in Developing Countries. The Beijing News, 02-10. [Chinese] http://opinion.southcn.com/culture/200602100148.htm
Lu, D., & Wang, B. (2007). On the education investment risk of low-income families under the situation of rising tuition fees. Public Administration Research, 2007(1): 78-83. [Chinese] http://www.cqvip.com/QK/89622X/20071/36639456.html
Lu, Z. (2017). The “Poverty Caused by Education” Dilemma and Conceptual Turn in Rural Educational Poverty Alleviation. Theory and Practice of Education, 37(2): 10-12. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-jyll201702004.htm
Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance. (2020) Announcement on the Implementation of National Education Funds in 2019 Jiaocai [2020] No. 8, 10-23 http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A05 /s3040/202011/t20201103_497961.html
National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2020). China Statistical Yearbook (2019). Beijing: China Statistics Press. [Chinese] http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2019/indexch.htm
OECD. (2016) Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, 177, 193.
Peng, T. (2009). Return to poverty due to education and anti-poverty through education. Journal of Hubei Administration Institute, 2009(3): 26-29. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7155.2009.03.006
Qin, A. (2005). Educational consumption in the perspective of social stratification. Culture and History Vision, 2005(10): 45-47. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-FLWS200510013.htm
Tan, J., & Li, Q. (2018). An Analysis of “Poverty Caused by Learning” under the Back-ground of Educational Poverty Alleviation Policy: Taking County A in Gansu Province as an Example. Journal of Tai-yuan Urban Vocational College, 2018(9): 101-102. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16227/j.cnki.tycs.2018.0702
Wang, C., & Wang, G. (2003). New poverty-causing factors and countermeasures in rural China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 24(5): 326-330. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-NXDH200305001.htm
Wang, J. (2020). Construction of after-school personalized auxiliary learning platform for junior high school. Journal of Teaching and Management, 821(28): 23-25. [Chinese] http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=JXGL202028008
Wang, S., & Hu, H. (2020). 8.74 million college graduates in 2020 set a new record. Xinhuanet, 05-12 http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-05/12/c_1125974840.htm
Wei, Y. (2020). On-campus or off-campus: A Study on the Status Quo of Family Education Expenditure in China’s Basic Education Stage. Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences), 38(5): 103-116. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.05.006
Wen, H., & Tan, X. (2015). Interpretation and Policy Recommendations on the Phenomenon of “Poverty Caused by Education” in Rural Families: Based on the Perspective of Vulnerability Theory. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 15(2): 113-120. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.13968/j.cnki.1009-9107.2015.02.017
Wen, W. (2019). Research on the Changes of Rural Family Education Investment. Pioneering with Science & Technology Monthly, 32(7): 136-137. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KJCK201907042.htm
Xu, Y. (2019). Research on precision funding countermeasures for needy students in colleges and universities - Taking Colleges in Xuzhou as examples. Dissertation; Northwest A&F University. [Chinese] http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10712-1019901573.htm
Yang, M., & Zhao, T. (2020). Research on Parent Investment Counseling Organization Behavior. Journal of Jinan Vocational College, 2020(5): 86-88+112. [Chinese] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=JLXX202005030&v=8lr1hgJoADqzvaZf76dR0kWBPKVwu77Toy5kFWBhjlhusCWmMjITAvP5AAt%25mmd2BRmkX
Yang, X. (2007). The formation mechanism, causes, and countermeasures of “education causing poverty.” Fudan Education Forum, 5(3): 36-40+48. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-0059.2007.03.009
Ye, W. (2010). High tuition and low employment will cause low-income families to “bankrupt” due to education (3). Nanfang News Network, 01-29. [Chinese] https://news.qq.com/a/20100129/000504_1.htm
Yu, S. (2006). Analysis of the Causes of “Poverty Caused by Education.” Education & Economy, 2006(1): 59- 61. [Chinese] https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD2006-JYJI200601015.htm
Zhang, J. (2008). Educational Spillover, Educational Poverty and Educational Compensation: A Study on the Educational Compensation Mechanism of Disadvantaged Families and Disadvantaged Areas from the Perspective of Externalities. Educational Research, 2008(7): 21-25. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JYYJ200807006.htm
Zhang, L. (2020). Overview of the poverty-alleviation by supporting education in China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 6(2): 631-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.re010
Zhang, L., Niu, J. & Hou, D. (2019). Analysis and countermeasures on the paradox of “poverty caused by education” under the background of rural revitalization. The Frontiers of Society, Science, and Tech-nology, 1(5): 159-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25236/FSST.19010528
Zhao, L., & Zou, X. (2019). How to solve the problem of pupils leaving school at 3:30. Legal Daily, 12-20 http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/Education_Channel/content/content_8080146.html
Zou, W., & Zheng, H. (2014). Why don’t children from low-income families read: risks, intergenerational transmission of human capital, and poverty traps. Economic Perspectives, 2014(6): 16-31. [Chinese] http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SWZJ201500023.htm
How to Cite
Wang, J. (2021). Poverty Caused by Education: Educational Issues in China in the New Era. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 8(1), 943–958. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.or012
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