##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Published Oct 28, 2024

Maja Zmak  

Abstract

The well-documented detrimental effects of tobacco on children and adolescents make it imperative to prevent tobacco use in young populations, which is a critical public health objective. Youth are particularly susceptible to nicotine’s addictive properties, and they are more susceptible to developing an addiction to tobacco products if they begin using them at a young age, according to research. The reduction of tobacco use among young people can be achieved by implementing evidence-based strategies, including increasing the minimum legal age for purchasing tobacco products, increasing taxation on these products, restricting marketing aimed at youth, and facilitating comprehensive school-based prevention programs, etc. Furthermore, prevention initiatives may be further bolstered by initiatives to encourage smoke-free environments and offer access to smoking cessation resources. In order to effectively prevent tobacco use in young populations and promote healthier outcomes for future generations, it is necessary to target various levels of intervention and involve multiple sectors, including healthcare professionals, educators, policymakers, and community leaders.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Keywords

Tobacco Products, Prevention, Young Population, Health Care, Smoking Cessation

Supporting Agencies

No funding source declared.

References
Adams, M. (2009). Preventing Children’s Tobacco Consumption. The Economists Voice, 6(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1553-3832.1525

Ahluwalia, I. B., Wilson, K., & Gorzkowski, J. (2020). Protecting Youth from Tobacco Around the Globe: Evidence to Practice. Pediatrics, 146(4), e20201585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1585

Ahmad, S., & Franz, G. A. (2007). Raising taxes to reduce smoking prevalence in the US: A simulation of the anticipated health and economic impacts. Public Health, 122(1), 3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.02.020

Alqahtani, J. S., Aldhahir, A. M., Alanazi, Z., Alsulami, E. Z., Alsulaimani, M. A., Alqarni, A. A., Alqahtani, A. S., AlAyadi, A. Y., Alnasser, M., AlDraiwiesh, I. A., Alghamdi, S. M., Almarkhan, H. M., Alsulayyim, A. S., AlRabeeah, S. M., & AlAhmari, M. D. (2023). Impact of Smoking Status and Nicotine Dependence on Academic Performance of Health Sciences Students. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 14, 13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/sar.s393062

Atikah, A. H. N., Wee, L. H., Zakiah, M. S. N., Chan, C. M. H., Haniki, N. M. M., Swinderjit, J. S., & Siau, C. S. (2019). Factors associated with different smoking statuses among Malaysian adolescent smokers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19(S4), 579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6857-3

Barreto, S. M., De Figueiredo, R. C., & Giatti, L. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities in youth smoking in Brazil. BMJ Open, 3(12), e003538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003538

Benowitz, N. L. (2008). Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics. The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 49(1), 57-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742

Benowitz, N. L. (2010). Nicotine Addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(24), 2295-2303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra0809890

Borland, R. (2013). Minimising the harm from nicotine use: finding the right regulatory framework. Tobacco Control, 22(suppl 1), i6-i9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050843

Chen, D. T., Grigg, J., & Filippidis, F. T. (2024). European Respiratory Society statement on novel nicotine and tobacco products, their role in tobacco control and “harm reduction.” European Respiratory Journal, 63(2), 2301808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01808-2023

Ciobanu, A., Tarasenko, Y., & Lebedeva, E. (2023). Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 9(Supplement 2), A107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/172834

Contreary, K. A., Chattopadhyay, S. K., Hopkins, D. P., Chaloupka, F. J., Forster, J. L., Grimshaw, V., Holmes, C. B., Goetzel, R. Z., & Fielding, J. E. (2015). Economic Impact of Tobacco Price Increases Through Taxation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(5), 800-808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.04.026

Costantino, S., Torre, A., Randazzese, S. F., Mollica, S. A., Motta, F., Busceti, D., Ferrante, F., Caminiti, L., Crisafulli, G., & Manti, S. (2024). Association between Second-Hand Exposure to E-Cigarettes at Home and Exacerbations in Children with Asthma. Children, 11(3), 356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030356

Da Silva Reis Dos Santos Ferreira, M. M., & De Freitas Paúl Reis Torgal, M. C. L. (2010). Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem, 18(2), 255-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000200017

Di, X., Liu, S., Xie, H., Zeng, X., Meng, Z., & Xiao, L. (2022). Cigarette availability and affordability among Chinese youth smokers: Findings from the 2019 China Youth Tobacco Survey. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 20, 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/152511

DiFranza, J. R. (2011). Which interventions against the sale of tobacco to minors can be expected to reduce smoking? Tobacco Control, 21(4), 436-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050145

Ding, A. (2003). Youth are more sensitive to price changes in cigarettes than adults. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 76(3), 115-124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15369626

Ennett, S. T., Faris, R., Hipp, J., Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., Hussong, A., & Cai, L. (2008). Peer Smoking, Other Peer Attributes, and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: A Social Network Analysis. Prevention Science, 9(2), 88-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0087-8

Erhabor, J., Boakye, E., Osuji, N., Obisesan, O., Osei, A. D., Mirbolouk, H., Stokes, A. C., Dzaye, O., El-Shahawy, O., Rodriguez, C. J., Hirsch, G. A., Benjamin, E. J., DeFilippis, A. P., Robertson, R. M., Bhatnagar, A., & Blaha, M. J. (2023). Psychosocial stressors and current e-cigarette use in the youth risk behavior survey. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16031-w

Farrelly, M. C. (2003). Youth tobacco prevention mass media campaigns: past, present, and future directions. Tobacco Control, 12(90001), 35i-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.suppl_1.i35

Farrelly, M. C., Duke, J. C., Nonnemaker, J., MacMonegle, A. J., Alexander, T. N., Zhao, X., Delahanty, J. C., Rao, P., & Allen, J. A. (2017). Association Between the Real Cost Media Campaign and Smoking Initiation Among Youths — United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(02), 47-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6602a2

Forster, J. L., & Wolfson, M. (1998). YOUTH ACCESS TO TOBACCO: Policies and Politics. Annual Review of Public Health, 19(1), 203-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.203

Friend, K., Carmona, M., Wilbur, P., & Levy, D. (2001). Youths’ Social Sources of Cigarettes: The Limits of Youth-Access Policies. Contemporary Drug Problems, 28(3), 507-526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009145090102800309

Ganz, O., & Delnevo, C. D. (2020). Young Adults as a Tobacco Control Priority Population in the US. JAMA Network Open, 3(10), e2019365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19365

Garrett, B. E., Dube, S. R., Babb, S., & McAfee, T. (2014). Addressing the Social Determinants of Health to Reduce Tobacco-Related Disparities. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(8), 892-897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu266

Geboers, C., Candel, M. J. J. M., Nagelhout, G. E., De Vries, H., Van Den Putte, B., Fong, G. T., & Willemsen, M. C. (2023). Smokers’ strategies to reduce tobacco spending: self-reported use and differences across subgroups. Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15678-9

Gil, G. F., Anderson, J. A., Aravkin, A., Bhangdia, K., Carr, S., Dai, X., Flor, L. S., Hay, S. I., Malloy, M. J., McLaughlin, S. A., Mullany, E. C., Murray, C. J. L., O’Connell, E. M., Okereke, C., Sorensen, R. J. D., Whisnant, J., Zheng, P., & Gakidou, E. (2024). Health effects associated with chewing tobacco: A Burden of Proof study. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45074-9

Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction. (1994). Journal of School Health, 64(9), 353-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1994.tb06204.x

Haas, S. A., & Schaefer, D. R. (2014). With a Little Help from My Friends? Asymmetrical Social Influence on Adolescent Smoking Initiation and Cessation. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 55(2), 126-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146514532817

Hamill, S., Turk, T., Murukutla, N., Ghamrawy, M., & Mullin, S. (2013). I ‘like’ MPOWER: using Facebook, online ads and new media to mobilise tobacco control communities in low-income and middle-income countries. Tobacco Control, 24(3), 306-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050946

Han, J., Mottaleb, K. A., Ng’ombe, J. N., & Durand‐Morat, A. (2024). Does sin tax on the legal market facilitate the illicit market? An ex‐ante assessment on the US cannabis market. Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 3(2), 330-345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.114

Harvey, J., & Chadi, N. (2016). Preventing smoking in children and adolescents: Recommendations for practice and policy. Paediatrics & Child Health, 21(4), 209-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.4.209

Henriksen, L. (2012). Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: promotion, packaging, price and place. Tobacco Control, 21(2), 147-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050416

Herrmann, D. S., & McWhirter, J. J. (1997). Refusal and Resistance Skills for Children and Adolescents: A Selected Review. Journal of Counseling & Development, 75(3), 177-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1997.tb02331.x

Hoffman, B. R., Sussman, S., Unger, J. B., & Valente, T. W. (2006). Peer Influences on Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: A Theoretical Review of the Literature. Substance Use & Misuse, 41(1), 103-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080500368892

Jagtap, S., Larsson, A., & Kandachar, P. (2013). Design and development of products and services at the Base of the Pyramid: a review of issues and solutions. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 5(3), 207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2013.054712

Kobus, K. (2003). Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction, 98(s1), 37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.98.s1.4.x
Lal, P., Wilson, N. C., Srivastava, S., & Millett, C. (2012). Should the Legal Age for the Purchase of Tobacco Be Increased to 21 Years? Global Heart, 7(2), 183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2012.04.001

Lee, J. G. L., Gregory, K. R., Baker, H. M., Ranney, L. M., & Goldstein, A. O. (2016). “May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?” A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153152

Lim, C. C., Rutherford, B., Gartner, C., McClure-Thomas, C., Foo, S., Su, F., Scheurer, R., Sebayang, S., Chan, G., Stjepanović, D., Fausiah, F., Farassania, G., & Leung, J. (2024). A systematic review of second-hand smoking mass media campaigns (2002-2022). BMC Public Health, 24(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18222-5

Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E., & Albarracín, D. (2017). The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1082-1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000113

Loddenkemper, R., & Kreuter, M. (2014). The Tobacco Epidemic. In Progress in respiratory research/Progress in research in emphysema and chronic bronchitis/Progress in respiration research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-02657-3

Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (1994). Toward a youth-centered prevention policy. Growing up Tobacco Free - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236758/

Malta, D. C., Gomes, C. S., Alves, F. T. A., De Oliveira, P. P. V., De Freitas, P. C., & Andreazzi, M. (2022). The use of cigarettes, hookahs, electronic cigarettes, and other tobacco indicators among Brazilian schoolchildren: data from National School Health Survey 2019. Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia, 25, e220014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220014

Medicine, I. O. (1994). Growing Up Tobacco Free. In National Academies Press eBooks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/4757
Mentis, A. (2017). Social determinants of tobacco use: towards an equity lens approach. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 3(March), 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/68836

Mott, H., Leatherdale, S. T., & Cole, A. G. (2024). Exploring the association between the proximity to and density around schools of retailers selling IQOS products and youth use of heated tobacco products: evidence from the 2020-2021 COMPASS study. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 44(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.44.1.01

Oliver, B. E., Jones, S. E., Hops, E. D., Ashley, C. L., Miech, R., & Mpofu, J. J. (2023). Electronic Vapor Product Use Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021. MMWR Supplements, 72(1), 93-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su7201a11

Paraje, G., Muñoz, M. F., Wu, D. C., & Jha, P. (2024). Reductions in smoking due to ratification of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 171 countries. Nature Medicine, 30(3), 683-689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02806-0

Rayes, B. T., Alalwan, A., AbuDujain, N. M., Darraj, A., Alammar, M. A., & Jradi, H. (2023). Prevalence, Trends, and Harm Perception Associated with E-Cigarettes and Vaping among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 7(2), 147-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170327

Ridgway, E., Chaussard, M., Lee, K. A., Kirksey-Jones, C., Ramanandraibe, N., Fouad, H., Caixeta, R., Khoury, R., Sinha, D., & Rarick, J. (2015). Change in Tobacco Use Among 13-15 Year Olds Worldwide between 1999 and 2012—findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(suppl_1), i32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv097.105

Ross, H., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2003). The effect of cigarette prices on youth smoking. Health Economics, 12(3), 217-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.709

Simons-Morton, B. G., & Farhat, T. (2010). Recent Findings on Peer Group Influences on Adolescent Smoking. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 31(4), 191-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0220-x

Sims, T. H. (2009). Tobacco as a Substance of Abuse. PEDIATRICS, 124(5), e1045-e1053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2121
Sun, J., Xi, B., Ma, C., Li, Z., Zhao, M., & Bovet, P. (2022). Cigarette access and purchase patterns among adolescent smokers aged 12-16 years in 140 countries/territories, Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2010-2018. Journal of Global Health, 12, 04101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04101

Szklo, A. S., & Cavalcante, T. M. (2018). Noncompliance with the law prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to minors in Brazil: an inconvenient truth. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia, 44(5), 398-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000359

Tanski, S. E., & Wilson, K. M. (2011). Children and Secondhand Smoke: Clear Evidence for Action. Pediatrics, 129(1), 170-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3190

Torabi, M. R., & Nakornkhet, N. (1996). Smoking among Teenagers: Educational Recommendations and Resources. Journal of Health Education, 27(sup1), S40-S43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10556699.1996.10603246

Tragesser, S. L., Aloise-Young, P. A., & Swaim, R. C. (2006). Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers. Social Development, 15(2), 311-325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9507.2006.00343.x

Ukwayi, J. K., Eja, O. F., & Unwanede, C. C. (2012). Peer Pressure and Tobacco Smoking among Undergraduate Students of the University of Calabar, Cross River State. Higher Education Studies, 2(3), 92-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v2n3p92

Urgent action needed to protect children and prevent the uptake of e-cigarettes. (2024). Saudi Medical Journal, 45(2), 217-218.
Vardavas, C. (2010). Key points in preventing tobacco use among adolescents. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 8(1), 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-8-1

Vidrine, J. I., Reitzel, L. R., & Wetter, D. W. (2009). The role of tobacco in cancer health disparities. Current Oncology Reports, 11(6), 475-481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-009-0064-9

Wagoner, K. G., Reboussin, D. M., King, J. L., Orlan, E., Ross, J. C., & Sutfin, E. L. (2019). Who Is Exposed to E-Cigarette Advertising and Where? Differences between Adolescents, Young Adults and Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142533

Warren, C., Yach, D., Da Costa E Silva, V. L., Riley, L., Prevention, M., Henson, R., Asma, S., Blanton, C., Caraballo, R., Horton, R., Kahn, D., Lea, V., Lee, J., Lord, L., Staras, S., Tablidilo, M., Zinner, L., Chauvin, J., Nue, L., . . . Marcus, S. (2002). Tobacco use among youth: A cross country comparison. Tobacco Control, 11(3), 252-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.11.3.252

White, M. M., Gilpin, E. A., Emery, S. L., & Pierce, J. P. (2005). Facilitating Adolescent Smoking: Who Provides the Cigarettes? American Journal of Health Promotion, 19(5), 355-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.5.355

Winickoff, J. P., Hartman, L., Chen, M. L., Gottlieb, M., Nabi-Burza, E., & DiFranza, J. R. (2014). Retail Impact of Raising Tobacco Sales Age to 21 Years. American Journal of Public Health, 104(11), e18-e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302174

Winickoff, J. P., Park, E. R., Hipple, B. J., Berkowitz, A., Vieira, C., Friebely, J., Healey, E. A., & Rigotti, N. A. (2008). Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Development of Framework and Intervention. PEDIATRICS, 122(2), e363-e375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0478

Wu, G., Gong, S., He, Y., & Liu, D. (2023). Smoking is associated with elevated blood level of volatile organic compounds: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2017-2018. Archives of Public Health, 81(1), 55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01070-x

Zavala-Arciniega, L., Hirschtick, J. L., Meza, R., & Fleischer, N. L. (2024). Dual and polytobacco use disparities at the intersection of age, sex, race and ethnicity, and income among US adults. Results from the 2018-2019 TUS-CPS. Preventive Medicine Reports, 39, 102631. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102631

Zhao, L., Palipudi, K. M., Ramanandraibe, N., & Asma, S. (2015). Cigarette smoking and cigarette marketing exposure among students in selected African countries: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Preventive Medicine, 91, S35-S39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.015
How to Cite
Zmak, M. (2024). Could We Prevent Tobacco Products in Young Populations?. Science Insights, 45(4), 1557–1562. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.24.op202
Section
Opinion