Prevalence of E-Cigarettes in Children and Adolescents: A Failure of Public Health Prevention
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Oct 28, 2024
Abstract
The rising prevalence of e-cigarette use among children and adolescents poses a significant challenge to public health prevention efforts. As these electronic nicotine delivery systems gain popularity among youth, concerns about the health impacts and long-term consequences have escalated. In this article, we delve into the concerning trends of e-cigarette use among the younger population, exploring the factors driving this phenomenon and evaluating the failures in current public health prevention strategies. By examining the regulatory gaps in e-cigarette marketing to the youth and proposing interventions to combat this growing issue, we aim to shed light on the urgent need for stronger policies and enforcement mechanisms to protect the health and well-being of our youth.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
E-cigarettes, Adolescents, Prevention, Health Enforcement, Health Wellbeing
Supporting Agencies
No funding source declared.
References
Abouk, R., & Adams, S. (2017). Bans on electronic cigarette sales to minors and smoking among high school students. Journal of Health Economics, 54, 17-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.03.003
Alpert, J. M., Chen, H., Riddell, H., Chung, Y. J., & Mu, Y. A. (2021). Vaping and Instagram: A Content Analysis of e-Cigarette Posts Using the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) Index. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(6), 879-887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1899233
Anic, G. M., Sawdey, M. D., Jamal, A., & Trivers, K. F. (2018). Frequency of Use Among Middle and High School Student Tobacco Product Users — United States, 2015-2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(49), 1353-1357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6749a1
Astor, R. L., Urman, R., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Berhane, K., Steinberg, J., Cousineau, M., Leventhal, A. M., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T., Pentz, M. A., Samet, J. M., & McConnell, R. (2019). Tobacco Retail Licensing and Youth Product Use. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20173536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3536
Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Samet, J. M., & McConnell, R. (2014). Flavorings in Electronic Cigarettes. JAMA, 312(23), 2493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.14830
Bialous, S. A., & Van Der Eijk, Y. (2020). How Should Global Tobacco Control Efforts Be Prioritized to Protect Children in Resource-Poor Regions? The AMA Journal of Ethic, 22(2), E135-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2020.135
Bold, K., Kong, G., Cavallo, D., Davis, D., Jackson, A., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2021). School-based E-cigarette cessation programs: What do youth want? Addictive Behaviors, 125, 107167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107167
Bonnie, R. J., Stratton, K., & Kwan, L. Y. (2015, July). Restrictions on Youth Access to Tobacco Products. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/nap18997/ch5
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Agostiniani, R., Barni, S., Russo, R., Scarpato, E., Di Mauro, A., Di Stefano, A. V., Caruso, C., Corsello, G., & Staiano, A. (2022). The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 9960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169960
Brubaker, S. (2007). Ethics and regulation in direct marketing. Direct Marketing an International Journal, 1(1), 55-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930710734134
Burkitt, H. (2007). Responsible drinks marketing: shared rights and responsibilities. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 19(3), 159-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17511060710817203
Carr, E. R. (2014). E-Cigarettes: Facts, Perceptions, and Marketing Messages. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(1), 112-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1188/14.cjon.112-116
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). (2012). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults. NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK99237/
Chacón, L., Mitchell, G., & Golder, S. (2024). The commercial promotion of electronic cigarettes on social media and its influence on positive perceptions of vaping and vaping behaviours in Anglophone countries: A scoping review. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0002736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002736
Chen, I., & Husten, C. G. (2014). Introduction to tobacco control supplement. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 2), ii1-ii3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051504
Cheng, H. G., Lizhnyak, P. N., & Richter, N. (2023). Mutual pathways between peer and own e-cigarette use among youth in the United States: A cross-lagged model. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16470-5
Chu, K., Hershey, T. B., & Sidani, J. E. (2021). Collaborative Public Health Strategies to Combat e-Cigarette Regulation Loopholes. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2432
Cohen, D. (1974). The Concept of Unfairness as It Relates to Advertising Legislation. Journal of Marketing, 38(3), 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1249844
Collaco, J. M., Drummond, M. B., & McGrath-Morrow, S. A. (2014). Electronic Cigarette Use and Exposure in the Pediatric Population. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(2), 177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2898
Collins, L., Glasser, A. M., Abudayyeh, H., Pearson, J. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2017). E-Cigarette Marketing and Communication: How E-Cigarette Companies Market E-Cigarettes and the Public Engages with E-cigarette Information. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(1), 14-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx284
Costantino, S., Torre, A., Randazzese, S. F., Mollica, S. A., Motta, F., Busceti, D., Ferrante, F., Caminiti, L., Crisafulli, G., & Manti, S. (2024). Association between Second-Hand Exposure to E-Cigarettes at Home and Exacerbations in Children with Asthma. Children, 11(3), 356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030356
Coxe, N., Webber, W., Burkhart, J., Broderick, B., Yeager, K., Jones, L., & Fenstersheib, M. (2014). Use of tobacco retail permitting to reduce youth access and exposure to tobacco in Santa Clara County, California. Preventive Medicine, 67, S46-S50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.01.023
Cullen, K. A., Liu, S. T., Bernat, J. K., Slavit, W. I., Tynan, M. A., King, B. A., & Neff, L. J. (2019). Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014-2018. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(39), 839-844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6839a2
Czaplicki, L., Kostygina, G., Kim, Y., Perks, S. N., Szczypka, G., Emery, S. L., Vallone, D., & Hair, E. C. (2019). Characterising JUUL-related posts on Instagram. Tobacco Control, 29-6, 612-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054824
Dai, H. (2018). Single, Dual, and Poly Use of Flavored Tobacco Products Among Youths. Preventing Chronic Disease, 15, E87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170389
Drummond, M. B., & Upson, D. (2014). Electronic Cigarettes. Potential Harms and Benefits. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11(2), 236-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr
Duke, J. C., Lee, Y. O., Kim, A. E., Watson, K. A., Arnold, K. Y., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Porter, L. (2014). Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements Among Youth and Young Adults. PEDIATRICS, 134(1), e29-e36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0269
E-Cigarette Use Among Youth. (2024, October 17). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Retrieved October 20, 2024, from https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/
Eltorai, A. E., Choi, A. R., & Eltorai, A. S. (2018). Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Various Organ Systems. Respiratory Care, 64(3), 328-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06300
Ferkol, T. W., Farber, H. J., La Grutta, S., Leone, F. T., Marshall, H. M., Neptune, E., Pisinger, C., Vanker, A., Wisotzky, M., Zabert, G. E., & Schraufnagel, D. E. (2018). Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies. European Respiratory Journal, 51(5), 1800278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00278-2018
Gaiha, S. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2020). Public Health Considerations for Adolescent Initiation of Electronic Cigarettes. Pediatrics, 145(Supplement 2), S175-S180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2056e
Galderisi, A., Ferraro, V. A., Caserotti, M., Quareni, L., Perilongo, G., & Baraldi, E. (2020). Protecting youth from the vaping epidemic. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 31(S26), 66-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13348
Glantz, S. A., & Bareham, D. W. (2018). E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 215-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757
Glantz, S. A., Nguyen, N., & Da Silva, A. L. O. (2024). Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes. NEJM Evidence, 3(3), EVIDoa2300229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/evidoa2300229
Grana, R., Benowitz, N., & Glantz, S. A. (2014). E-Cigarettes. Circulation, 129(19), 1972-1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667
Hammond, D., Reid, J. L., Rynard, V. L., Fong, G. T., Cummings, K. M., McNeill, A., Hitchman, S., Thrasher, J. F., Goniewicz, M. L., Bansal-Travers, M., O’Connor, R., Levy, D., Borland, R., & White, C. M. (2019). Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 365, I2219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2219
Harrell, M., Weaver, S., Loukas, A., Creamer, M., Marti, C., Jackson, C., Heath, J., Nayak, P., Perry, C., Pechacek, T., & Eriksen, M. (2016). Flavored e-cigarette use: Characterizing youth, young adult, and adult users. Preventive Medicine Reports, 5, 33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.001
Hartoyo, Y. R., & Sitorus, O. F. (2021). Utilization Instagram as a Marketing Communication Media in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210430.030
Harvey, J., & Chadi, N. (2016). Preventing smoking in children and adolescents: Recommendations for practice and policy. Paediatrics & Child Health, 21(4), 209-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.4.209
Hildebr, D. (1994). Legal Aspects of Euro‐marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 28(7), 44-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410064454
Hunter, S. R., & Martin, C. A. (2019). Teen vaping boom: Electronic cigarette use, associated outcomes, and efforts in prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(10), S71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.435
Jackson, S. E., Tattan-Birch, H., East, K., Cox, S., Shahab, L., & Brown, J. (2024). Trends in Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke in England, 2014-2023. JAMA Network Open, 7(2), e240582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0582
Jenssen, B., & Boykan, R. (2019). Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels). Children, 6(2), 30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children6020030
Jenssen, B. P., Walley, S. C., Groner, J. A., Rahmandar, M., Boykan, R., Mih, B., Marbin, J. N., & Caldwell, A. L. (2019). E-Cigarettes and Similar Devices. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20183652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3652
Kaisar, M. A., Prasad, S., Liles, T., & Cucullo, L. (2016). A decade of e-cigarettes: Limited research & unresolved safety concerns. Toxicology, 365, 67-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.020
Kennedy, R. D., Awopegba, A., De León, E., & Cohen, J. E. (2016). Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control, 26(4), 440-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053179
Khambayat, S., Jaiswal, A., Prasad, R., Wanjari, M. B., Sharma, R., & Yelne, S. (2023). Vaping Among Adolescents: An Overview of E-Cigarette Use in Middle and High School Students in India. Cureus, 15(5), e38972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38972
Klein, E. G., Berman, M., Hemmerich, N., Carlson, C., Htut, S., & Slater, M. (2016). Online E-cigarette Marketing Claims: A Systematic Content and Legal Analysis. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 2(3), 252-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.2.3.5
Kong, G., Bold, K. W., Cavallo, D. A., Davis, D. R., Jackson, A., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2020). Informing the development of adolescent e-cigarette cessation interventions: A qualitative study. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 106720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106720
Kong, G., Morean, M. E., Cavallo, D. A., Camenga, D. R., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2014). Reasons for Electronic Cigarette Experimentation and Discontinuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(7), 847-854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu257
Krugman, D. M. (2016). Understanding the Impact That Marketing, Advertising, and Promotion Have on Adolescent E-cigarette Behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(6), 609-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.016
Le, T. T. H., Le, T. H., Le, M. D., & Nguyen, T. T. (2023). Exposure to E-Cigarette Advertising and Its Association with E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Adolescents in Two Largest Cities in Vietnam 2020. Tobacco Use Insights, 16, 1179173X2311796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173x231179676
Leslie, F. M. (2020). Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 197, 173010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173010
Liu, J., Gaiha, S. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2022). School-based programs to prevent adolescent e-cigarette use: A report card. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 52(6), 101204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101204
Maddu, N. (2019). What is e-Cigarette and Associated Health Risks. In IntechOpen eBooks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84747
Marqués, P., Piqueras, L., & Sanz, M. (2021). An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respiratory Research, 22(1), 151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
Marynak, K., Gentzke, A., Wang, T. W., Neff, L., & King, B. A. (2018). Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(10), 294-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6710a3
Marynak, K., Kenemer, B., King, B. A., Tynan, M. A., MacNeil, A., & Reimels, E. (2017). State Laws Regarding Indoor Public Use, Retail Sales, and Prices of Electronic Cigarettes — U.S. States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands, September 30, 2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(49), 1341-1346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6649a1
Massey, Z. B., Brockenberry, L. O., & Harrell, P. T. (2020). Vaping, smartphones, and social media use among young adults: Snapchat is the platform of choice for young adult vapers. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106576
Mattingly, D. T., & Hart, J. L. (2024). Trends in Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youths by Age, Sex, and Race and Ethnicity. JAMA Network Open, 7(2), e2354872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54872
McCarthy, W. J., Mistry, R., Lu, Y., Patel, M., Zheng, H., & Dietsch, B. (2009). Density of Tobacco Retailers Near Schools: Effects on Tobacco Use Among Students. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2006-2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.145128
Miller, S., Pike, J., Chapman, J., Xie, B., Hilton, B. N., Ames, S. L., & Stacy, A. W. (2016). The Prevalence and Marketing of Electronic Cigarettes in Proximity to At-Risk Youths: An Investigation of Point-of-Sale Practices Near Alternative High Schools. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 119-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2016.1230529
Monteiro, M. G., Babor, T. F., Jernigan, D., & Brookes, C. (2017). Alcohol marketing regulation: from research to public policy. Addiction, 112(S1), 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13660
Morain, S. R., & Malek, J. (2017). Minimum Age of Sale for Tobacco Products and Electronic Cigarettes: Ethical Acceptability of US “Tobacco 21 Laws.” American Journal of Public Health, 107(9), 1401-1405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303900
Murthy, V. H. (2016). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(3), 209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4662
Nguyen, H., Dennehy, C. E., & Tsourounis, C. (2020). Violation of US regulations regarding online marketing and sale of e-cigarettes: FDA warnings and retailer responses. Tobacco Control, 29(e1), e4-e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055106
Padon, A. A., Maloney, E. K., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Youth-Targeted E-cigarette Marketing in the US. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 3(1), 95-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.3.1.9
Papaleontiou, L., Agaku, I. T., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019). Effects of Exposure to Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Advertisements on Tobacco Use: An Analysis of the 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(1), 64-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.022
Paradise, J. (2014). Electronic Cigarettes: Smoke-Free Laws, Sale Restrictions, and the Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), e17-e18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.301890
Park-Lee, E., Ren, C., Cooper, M., Cornelius, M., Jamal, A., & Cullen, K. A. (2022). Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(45), 1429-1435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7145a1
Perelman, J., Leão, T., & Kunst, A. E. (2019). Smoking and school absenteeism among 15- to 16-year-old adolescents: a cross-section analysis on 36 European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 29(4), 778-784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz110
Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. (2018). In National Academies Press eBooks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24952
Saitta, D., Ferro, G. A., & Polosa, R. (2014). Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 5(2), 50-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622314521271
Shamout, M., Tanz, L., Herzig, C., Oakley, L. P., Peak, C. M., Heinzerling, A., Hast, M., McGowan, E., Williams, R. J., Hess, C., Wang, C., Planche, S., Herndon, S., Martin, J., Kansagra, S. M., Al-Shawaf, M., Melstrom, P., Marynak, K., Tynan, M. A., . . . King, B. A. (2020). Notes from the Field: Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Confiscated in Public High Schools in California and North Carolina — March and May 2019. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(42), 1552-1554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a7
Silver, N. A., Bertrand, A., Kucherlapaty, P., & Schillo, B. A. (2023). Examining influencer compliance with advertising regulations in branded vaping content on Instagram. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1001115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001115
Sindelar, J. L. (2020). Regulating Vaping — Policies, Possibilities, and Perils. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(20), e54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1917065
Singh, S., Windle, S. B., Filion, K. B., Thombs, B. D., O’Loughlin, J. L., Grad, R., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2020). E-cigarettes and youth: Patterns of use, potential harms, and recommendations. Preventive Medicine, 133, 106009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106009
Smith, M. J., Buckton, C., Patterson, C., & Hilton, S. (2023). User-generated content and influencer marketing involving e-cigarettes on social media: A scoping review and content analysis of YouTube and Instagram. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15389-1
Snell, L. M., Nicksic, N., Panteli, D., Burke, S., Eissenberg, T., Fattore, G., Gauci, C., Koprivnikar, H., Murauskiene, L., Reinap, M., & Barnes, A. J. (2021). Emerging electronic cigarette policies in European member states, Canada, and the United States. Health Policy, 125(4), 425-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.02.003
Sreeramareddy, C. T., Acharya, K., & Manoharan, A. (2022). Electronic cigarettes use and ‘dual use’ among the youth in 75 countries: estimates from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (2014-2019). Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25594-4
State Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors and Indoor Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems — United States, November 2014. (2014, December 12). Retrieved October 2, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6349a1.htm
Stopping the start: our new plan to create a smokefree generation. (2023, November 8). GOV.UK. Retrieved September 25, 2024, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stopping-the-start-our-new-plan-to-create-a-smokefree-generation/stopping-the-start-our-new-plan-to-create-a-smokefree-generation
Struik, L. L., Dow-Fleisner, S., Belliveau, M., Thompson, D., & Janke, R. (2020). Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e18943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/18943
The Harmful Consequences of Vaping: A Public Health Threat. (2020). Journal of Addictions Nursing, 31(2), E3-E4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000342
Tremblay, M., Pluye, P., Gore, G., Granikov, V., Filion, K. B., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2015). Regulation profiles of e-cigarettes in the United States: a critical review with qualitative synthesis. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0370-z
Tworek, C., Schauer, G. L., Wu, C. C., Malarcher, A. M., Jackson, K. J., & Hoffman, A. C. (2014). Youth Tobacco Cessation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(2), S15-S27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.009
United States Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General & National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Office on Smoking and Health. (2016). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf
Vallone, D. M., Cuccia, A. F., Briggs, J., Xiao, H., Schillo, B. A., & Hair, E. C. (2020). Electronic Cigarette and JUUL Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(3), 277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5436
Vogel, E. A., Ramo, D. E., Rubinstein, M. L., Delucchi, K. L., Darrow, S. M., Costello, C., & Prochaska, J. J. (2020). Effects of Social Media on Adolescents’ Willingness and Intention to Use E-Cigarettes: An Experimental Investigation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(4), 694-701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa003
Wagoner, K. G., Reboussin, D. M., King, J. L., Orlan, E., Ross, J. C., & Sutfin, E. L. (2019). Who Is Exposed to E-Cigarette Advertising and Where? Differences between Adolescents, Young Adults and Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142533
Wang, T. W., Gentzke, A. S., Creamer, M. R., Cullen, K. A., Holder-Hayes, E., Sawdey, M. D., Anic, G. M., Portnoy, D. B., Hu, S., Homa, D. M., Jamal, A., & Neff, L. J. (2019). Tobacco Product Use and Associated Factors Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2019. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 68(12), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6812a1
Wang, T. W., Neff, L. J., Park-Lee, E., Ren, C., Cullen, K. A., & King, B. A. (2020). E-cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2020. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(37), 1310-1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e1
Winickoff, J. P., Hartman, L., Chen, M. L., Gottlieb, M., Nabi-Burza, E., & DiFranza, J. R. (2014). Retail Impact of Raising Tobacco Sales Age to 21 Years. American Journal of Public Health, 104(11), e18-e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302174
Xiang, S., Jia, T., Xie, C., Cheng, W., Chaarani, B., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., Desrivières, S., Flor, H., Grigis, A., Gowland, P. A., Brühl, R., Martinot, J., Martinot, M. P., Nees, F., Orfanos, D. P., Poustka, L., . . . Feng, J. (2023). Association between vmPFC gray matter volume and smoking initiation in adolescents. Nature Communications, 14(1), 4684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40079-2
Zhu, S., Sun, J. Y., Bonnevie, E., Cummins, S. E., Gamst, A., Yin, L., & Lee, M. (2014). Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 3), iii3-iii9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670
Alpert, J. M., Chen, H., Riddell, H., Chung, Y. J., & Mu, Y. A. (2021). Vaping and Instagram: A Content Analysis of e-Cigarette Posts Using the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) Index. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(6), 879-887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1899233
Anic, G. M., Sawdey, M. D., Jamal, A., & Trivers, K. F. (2018). Frequency of Use Among Middle and High School Student Tobacco Product Users — United States, 2015-2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(49), 1353-1357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6749a1
Astor, R. L., Urman, R., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Berhane, K., Steinberg, J., Cousineau, M., Leventhal, A. M., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T., Pentz, M. A., Samet, J. M., & McConnell, R. (2019). Tobacco Retail Licensing and Youth Product Use. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20173536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3536
Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Samet, J. M., & McConnell, R. (2014). Flavorings in Electronic Cigarettes. JAMA, 312(23), 2493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.14830
Bialous, S. A., & Van Der Eijk, Y. (2020). How Should Global Tobacco Control Efforts Be Prioritized to Protect Children in Resource-Poor Regions? The AMA Journal of Ethic, 22(2), E135-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2020.135
Bold, K., Kong, G., Cavallo, D., Davis, D., Jackson, A., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2021). School-based E-cigarette cessation programs: What do youth want? Addictive Behaviors, 125, 107167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107167
Bonnie, R. J., Stratton, K., & Kwan, L. Y. (2015, July). Restrictions on Youth Access to Tobacco Products. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/nap18997/ch5
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Agostiniani, R., Barni, S., Russo, R., Scarpato, E., Di Mauro, A., Di Stefano, A. V., Caruso, C., Corsello, G., & Staiano, A. (2022). The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 9960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169960
Brubaker, S. (2007). Ethics and regulation in direct marketing. Direct Marketing an International Journal, 1(1), 55-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930710734134
Burkitt, H. (2007). Responsible drinks marketing: shared rights and responsibilities. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 19(3), 159-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17511060710817203
Carr, E. R. (2014). E-Cigarettes: Facts, Perceptions, and Marketing Messages. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(1), 112-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1188/14.cjon.112-116
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). (2012). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults. NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK99237/
Chacón, L., Mitchell, G., & Golder, S. (2024). The commercial promotion of electronic cigarettes on social media and its influence on positive perceptions of vaping and vaping behaviours in Anglophone countries: A scoping review. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0002736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002736
Chen, I., & Husten, C. G. (2014). Introduction to tobacco control supplement. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 2), ii1-ii3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051504
Cheng, H. G., Lizhnyak, P. N., & Richter, N. (2023). Mutual pathways between peer and own e-cigarette use among youth in the United States: A cross-lagged model. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16470-5
Chu, K., Hershey, T. B., & Sidani, J. E. (2021). Collaborative Public Health Strategies to Combat e-Cigarette Regulation Loopholes. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2432
Cohen, D. (1974). The Concept of Unfairness as It Relates to Advertising Legislation. Journal of Marketing, 38(3), 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1249844
Collaco, J. M., Drummond, M. B., & McGrath-Morrow, S. A. (2014). Electronic Cigarette Use and Exposure in the Pediatric Population. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(2), 177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2898
Collins, L., Glasser, A. M., Abudayyeh, H., Pearson, J. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2017). E-Cigarette Marketing and Communication: How E-Cigarette Companies Market E-Cigarettes and the Public Engages with E-cigarette Information. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(1), 14-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx284
Costantino, S., Torre, A., Randazzese, S. F., Mollica, S. A., Motta, F., Busceti, D., Ferrante, F., Caminiti, L., Crisafulli, G., & Manti, S. (2024). Association between Second-Hand Exposure to E-Cigarettes at Home and Exacerbations in Children with Asthma. Children, 11(3), 356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030356
Coxe, N., Webber, W., Burkhart, J., Broderick, B., Yeager, K., Jones, L., & Fenstersheib, M. (2014). Use of tobacco retail permitting to reduce youth access and exposure to tobacco in Santa Clara County, California. Preventive Medicine, 67, S46-S50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.01.023
Cullen, K. A., Liu, S. T., Bernat, J. K., Slavit, W. I., Tynan, M. A., King, B. A., & Neff, L. J. (2019). Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014-2018. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(39), 839-844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6839a2
Czaplicki, L., Kostygina, G., Kim, Y., Perks, S. N., Szczypka, G., Emery, S. L., Vallone, D., & Hair, E. C. (2019). Characterising JUUL-related posts on Instagram. Tobacco Control, 29-6, 612-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054824
Dai, H. (2018). Single, Dual, and Poly Use of Flavored Tobacco Products Among Youths. Preventing Chronic Disease, 15, E87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.170389
Drummond, M. B., & Upson, D. (2014). Electronic Cigarettes. Potential Harms and Benefits. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11(2), 236-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr
Duke, J. C., Lee, Y. O., Kim, A. E., Watson, K. A., Arnold, K. Y., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Porter, L. (2014). Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements Among Youth and Young Adults. PEDIATRICS, 134(1), e29-e36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0269
E-Cigarette Use Among Youth. (2024, October 17). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Retrieved October 20, 2024, from https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/
Eltorai, A. E., Choi, A. R., & Eltorai, A. S. (2018). Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Various Organ Systems. Respiratory Care, 64(3), 328-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06300
Ferkol, T. W., Farber, H. J., La Grutta, S., Leone, F. T., Marshall, H. M., Neptune, E., Pisinger, C., Vanker, A., Wisotzky, M., Zabert, G. E., & Schraufnagel, D. E. (2018). Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies. European Respiratory Journal, 51(5), 1800278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00278-2018
Gaiha, S. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2020). Public Health Considerations for Adolescent Initiation of Electronic Cigarettes. Pediatrics, 145(Supplement 2), S175-S180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2056e
Galderisi, A., Ferraro, V. A., Caserotti, M., Quareni, L., Perilongo, G., & Baraldi, E. (2020). Protecting youth from the vaping epidemic. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 31(S26), 66-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13348
Glantz, S. A., & Bareham, D. W. (2018). E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 215-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757
Glantz, S. A., Nguyen, N., & Da Silva, A. L. O. (2024). Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes. NEJM Evidence, 3(3), EVIDoa2300229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/evidoa2300229
Grana, R., Benowitz, N., & Glantz, S. A. (2014). E-Cigarettes. Circulation, 129(19), 1972-1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667
Hammond, D., Reid, J. L., Rynard, V. L., Fong, G. T., Cummings, K. M., McNeill, A., Hitchman, S., Thrasher, J. F., Goniewicz, M. L., Bansal-Travers, M., O’Connor, R., Levy, D., Borland, R., & White, C. M. (2019). Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 365, I2219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2219
Harrell, M., Weaver, S., Loukas, A., Creamer, M., Marti, C., Jackson, C., Heath, J., Nayak, P., Perry, C., Pechacek, T., & Eriksen, M. (2016). Flavored e-cigarette use: Characterizing youth, young adult, and adult users. Preventive Medicine Reports, 5, 33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.001
Hartoyo, Y. R., & Sitorus, O. F. (2021). Utilization Instagram as a Marketing Communication Media in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210430.030
Harvey, J., & Chadi, N. (2016). Preventing smoking in children and adolescents: Recommendations for practice and policy. Paediatrics & Child Health, 21(4), 209-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.4.209
Hildebr, D. (1994). Legal Aspects of Euro‐marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 28(7), 44-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410064454
Hunter, S. R., & Martin, C. A. (2019). Teen vaping boom: Electronic cigarette use, associated outcomes, and efforts in prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(10), S71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.435
Jackson, S. E., Tattan-Birch, H., East, K., Cox, S., Shahab, L., & Brown, J. (2024). Trends in Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke in England, 2014-2023. JAMA Network Open, 7(2), e240582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0582
Jenssen, B., & Boykan, R. (2019). Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels). Children, 6(2), 30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children6020030
Jenssen, B. P., Walley, S. C., Groner, J. A., Rahmandar, M., Boykan, R., Mih, B., Marbin, J. N., & Caldwell, A. L. (2019). E-Cigarettes and Similar Devices. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20183652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3652
Kaisar, M. A., Prasad, S., Liles, T., & Cucullo, L. (2016). A decade of e-cigarettes: Limited research & unresolved safety concerns. Toxicology, 365, 67-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.020
Kennedy, R. D., Awopegba, A., De León, E., & Cohen, J. E. (2016). Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control, 26(4), 440-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053179
Khambayat, S., Jaiswal, A., Prasad, R., Wanjari, M. B., Sharma, R., & Yelne, S. (2023). Vaping Among Adolescents: An Overview of E-Cigarette Use in Middle and High School Students in India. Cureus, 15(5), e38972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38972
Klein, E. G., Berman, M., Hemmerich, N., Carlson, C., Htut, S., & Slater, M. (2016). Online E-cigarette Marketing Claims: A Systematic Content and Legal Analysis. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 2(3), 252-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.2.3.5
Kong, G., Bold, K. W., Cavallo, D. A., Davis, D. R., Jackson, A., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2020). Informing the development of adolescent e-cigarette cessation interventions: A qualitative study. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 106720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106720
Kong, G., Morean, M. E., Cavallo, D. A., Camenga, D. R., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2014). Reasons for Electronic Cigarette Experimentation and Discontinuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(7), 847-854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu257
Krugman, D. M. (2016). Understanding the Impact That Marketing, Advertising, and Promotion Have on Adolescent E-cigarette Behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(6), 609-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.016
Le, T. T. H., Le, T. H., Le, M. D., & Nguyen, T. T. (2023). Exposure to E-Cigarette Advertising and Its Association with E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Adolescents in Two Largest Cities in Vietnam 2020. Tobacco Use Insights, 16, 1179173X2311796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173x231179676
Leslie, F. M. (2020). Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 197, 173010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173010
Liu, J., Gaiha, S. M., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2022). School-based programs to prevent adolescent e-cigarette use: A report card. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 52(6), 101204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101204
Maddu, N. (2019). What is e-Cigarette and Associated Health Risks. In IntechOpen eBooks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84747
Marqués, P., Piqueras, L., & Sanz, M. (2021). An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respiratory Research, 22(1), 151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
Marynak, K., Gentzke, A., Wang, T. W., Neff, L., & King, B. A. (2018). Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(10), 294-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6710a3
Marynak, K., Kenemer, B., King, B. A., Tynan, M. A., MacNeil, A., & Reimels, E. (2017). State Laws Regarding Indoor Public Use, Retail Sales, and Prices of Electronic Cigarettes — U.S. States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands, September 30, 2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(49), 1341-1346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6649a1
Massey, Z. B., Brockenberry, L. O., & Harrell, P. T. (2020). Vaping, smartphones, and social media use among young adults: Snapchat is the platform of choice for young adult vapers. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106576
Mattingly, D. T., & Hart, J. L. (2024). Trends in Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youths by Age, Sex, and Race and Ethnicity. JAMA Network Open, 7(2), e2354872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54872
McCarthy, W. J., Mistry, R., Lu, Y., Patel, M., Zheng, H., & Dietsch, B. (2009). Density of Tobacco Retailers Near Schools: Effects on Tobacco Use Among Students. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2006-2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.145128
Miller, S., Pike, J., Chapman, J., Xie, B., Hilton, B. N., Ames, S. L., & Stacy, A. W. (2016). The Prevalence and Marketing of Electronic Cigarettes in Proximity to At-Risk Youths: An Investigation of Point-of-Sale Practices Near Alternative High Schools. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 119-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2016.1230529
Monteiro, M. G., Babor, T. F., Jernigan, D., & Brookes, C. (2017). Alcohol marketing regulation: from research to public policy. Addiction, 112(S1), 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13660
Morain, S. R., & Malek, J. (2017). Minimum Age of Sale for Tobacco Products and Electronic Cigarettes: Ethical Acceptability of US “Tobacco 21 Laws.” American Journal of Public Health, 107(9), 1401-1405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303900
Murthy, V. H. (2016). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(3), 209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4662
Nguyen, H., Dennehy, C. E., & Tsourounis, C. (2020). Violation of US regulations regarding online marketing and sale of e-cigarettes: FDA warnings and retailer responses. Tobacco Control, 29(e1), e4-e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055106
Padon, A. A., Maloney, E. K., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Youth-Targeted E-cigarette Marketing in the US. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 3(1), 95-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.3.1.9
Papaleontiou, L., Agaku, I. T., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019). Effects of Exposure to Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Advertisements on Tobacco Use: An Analysis of the 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(1), 64-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.022
Paradise, J. (2014). Electronic Cigarettes: Smoke-Free Laws, Sale Restrictions, and the Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), e17-e18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.301890
Park-Lee, E., Ren, C., Cooper, M., Cornelius, M., Jamal, A., & Cullen, K. A. (2022). Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(45), 1429-1435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7145a1
Perelman, J., Leão, T., & Kunst, A. E. (2019). Smoking and school absenteeism among 15- to 16-year-old adolescents: a cross-section analysis on 36 European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 29(4), 778-784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz110
Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. (2018). In National Academies Press eBooks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24952
Saitta, D., Ferro, G. A., & Polosa, R. (2014). Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 5(2), 50-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622314521271
Shamout, M., Tanz, L., Herzig, C., Oakley, L. P., Peak, C. M., Heinzerling, A., Hast, M., McGowan, E., Williams, R. J., Hess, C., Wang, C., Planche, S., Herndon, S., Martin, J., Kansagra, S. M., Al-Shawaf, M., Melstrom, P., Marynak, K., Tynan, M. A., . . . King, B. A. (2020). Notes from the Field: Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Confiscated in Public High Schools in California and North Carolina — March and May 2019. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(42), 1552-1554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a7
Silver, N. A., Bertrand, A., Kucherlapaty, P., & Schillo, B. A. (2023). Examining influencer compliance with advertising regulations in branded vaping content on Instagram. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1001115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001115
Sindelar, J. L. (2020). Regulating Vaping — Policies, Possibilities, and Perils. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(20), e54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1917065
Singh, S., Windle, S. B., Filion, K. B., Thombs, B. D., O’Loughlin, J. L., Grad, R., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2020). E-cigarettes and youth: Patterns of use, potential harms, and recommendations. Preventive Medicine, 133, 106009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106009
Smith, M. J., Buckton, C., Patterson, C., & Hilton, S. (2023). User-generated content and influencer marketing involving e-cigarettes on social media: A scoping review and content analysis of YouTube and Instagram. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15389-1
Snell, L. M., Nicksic, N., Panteli, D., Burke, S., Eissenberg, T., Fattore, G., Gauci, C., Koprivnikar, H., Murauskiene, L., Reinap, M., & Barnes, A. J. (2021). Emerging electronic cigarette policies in European member states, Canada, and the United States. Health Policy, 125(4), 425-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.02.003
Sreeramareddy, C. T., Acharya, K., & Manoharan, A. (2022). Electronic cigarettes use and ‘dual use’ among the youth in 75 countries: estimates from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (2014-2019). Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25594-4
State Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors and Indoor Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems — United States, November 2014. (2014, December 12). Retrieved October 2, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6349a1.htm
Stopping the start: our new plan to create a smokefree generation. (2023, November 8). GOV.UK. Retrieved September 25, 2024, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stopping-the-start-our-new-plan-to-create-a-smokefree-generation/stopping-the-start-our-new-plan-to-create-a-smokefree-generation
Struik, L. L., Dow-Fleisner, S., Belliveau, M., Thompson, D., & Janke, R. (2020). Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e18943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/18943
The Harmful Consequences of Vaping: A Public Health Threat. (2020). Journal of Addictions Nursing, 31(2), E3-E4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000342
Tremblay, M., Pluye, P., Gore, G., Granikov, V., Filion, K. B., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2015). Regulation profiles of e-cigarettes in the United States: a critical review with qualitative synthesis. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0370-z
Tworek, C., Schauer, G. L., Wu, C. C., Malarcher, A. M., Jackson, K. J., & Hoffman, A. C. (2014). Youth Tobacco Cessation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(2), S15-S27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.009
United States Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General & National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Office on Smoking and Health. (2016). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf
Vallone, D. M., Cuccia, A. F., Briggs, J., Xiao, H., Schillo, B. A., & Hair, E. C. (2020). Electronic Cigarette and JUUL Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(3), 277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5436
Vogel, E. A., Ramo, D. E., Rubinstein, M. L., Delucchi, K. L., Darrow, S. M., Costello, C., & Prochaska, J. J. (2020). Effects of Social Media on Adolescents’ Willingness and Intention to Use E-Cigarettes: An Experimental Investigation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(4), 694-701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa003
Wagoner, K. G., Reboussin, D. M., King, J. L., Orlan, E., Ross, J. C., & Sutfin, E. L. (2019). Who Is Exposed to E-Cigarette Advertising and Where? Differences between Adolescents, Young Adults and Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142533
Wang, T. W., Gentzke, A. S., Creamer, M. R., Cullen, K. A., Holder-Hayes, E., Sawdey, M. D., Anic, G. M., Portnoy, D. B., Hu, S., Homa, D. M., Jamal, A., & Neff, L. J. (2019). Tobacco Product Use and Associated Factors Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2019. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 68(12), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6812a1
Wang, T. W., Neff, L. J., Park-Lee, E., Ren, C., Cullen, K. A., & King, B. A. (2020). E-cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2020. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(37), 1310-1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e1
Winickoff, J. P., Hartman, L., Chen, M. L., Gottlieb, M., Nabi-Burza, E., & DiFranza, J. R. (2014). Retail Impact of Raising Tobacco Sales Age to 21 Years. American Journal of Public Health, 104(11), e18-e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302174
Xiang, S., Jia, T., Xie, C., Cheng, W., Chaarani, B., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., Desrivières, S., Flor, H., Grigis, A., Gowland, P. A., Brühl, R., Martinot, J., Martinot, M. P., Nees, F., Orfanos, D. P., Poustka, L., . . . Feng, J. (2023). Association between vmPFC gray matter volume and smoking initiation in adolescents. Nature Communications, 14(1), 4684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40079-2
Zhu, S., Sun, J. Y., Bonnevie, E., Cummins, S. E., Gamst, A., Yin, L., & Lee, M. (2014). Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 3), iii3-iii9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670
How to Cite
Anish, S. A. (2024). Prevalence of E-Cigarettes in Children and Adolescents: A Failure of Public Health Prevention. Science Insights, 45(4), 1593–1602. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.24.re1080
Section
Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.