The Impact of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on the Microenvironment
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Published
Jul 29, 2022
Abstract
Acupuncture therapy is an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine that is being recognized by an increasing number of countries due to its convenience, effectiveness, and low risk of adverse reactions. The microenvironment is important in the occurrence, development, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases, and has recently become a focus of research in the field of various diseases. Acupuncture’s therapeutic effect on the human body begins in the microenvironment (acupoints) and ends in the microenvironment (lesions). Many reports on the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion are written with the impact of acupuncture on the microenvironment of different systems or parts in mind. Several diseases that have been widely reported in recent years, such as osteoarthritis, spinal cord injury, and tumors, have been chosen as examples.
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Keywords
Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Microenvironment, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupoints, Diseases
References
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21. Zhou CL, Zhao L, Shi HY, Liu JW, Shi JW, Kan BH, Li Z, Yu JC, Han JX. Combined acupuncture and HuangDiSan treatment affects behavior and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13(3):541-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.228760
22. Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18(1):59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4
23. Langley RR, Fidler IJ. The seed and soil hypothesis revisited--the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs. Int J Cancer 2011; 128(11):2527-2535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26031
24. Quail DF, Joyce JA. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Med 2013; 19(11):1423-1437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3394
25. Yang M, Wan Y, Jiang X, Qi X, Wang L, Liu Z, Song X, Pan L, Sun W, Zhao W, Huang J, Lian Z. Electro-acupuncture promotes accumulation of paclitaxel by altering tumor microvasculature and microenvironment in breast cancer of mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00576
26. Zhang R, Lao L, Ren K, Berman BM. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain. Anesthesiology 2014; 120(2):482-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101
27. Li S, Ye Y, Chen Z, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y. Efficacy and safety evaluation of acupuncture therapy for patients with salpingitis in IVF-ET: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100(2):e24015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024015
2. Fang J, Zheng N, Wang Y, Cao H, Sun S, Dai J, Li Q, Zhang Y. Understanding acupuncture based on ZHENG classification from system perspective. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:956967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/956967
3. Gong Y, Li N, Lv Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yang T, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Dou B, Chen B, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z. The neuro-immune microenvironment of acupoints-initiation of acupuncture effectiveness. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108(1):189-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3AB0420-361RR
4. Deng H, Shen X. The mechanism of moxibustion: ancient theory and modern research. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:379291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/379291
5. Liu CC, Chen JL, Chang XR, He QD, Shen JC, Lian LY, Wang YD, Zhang Y, Ma FQ, Huang HY, Yang ZB. Comparative metabolomics study on therapeutic mechanism of electro-acupuncture and moxibustion on rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Sci Rep 2017; 7(1):14362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13195-5. Erratum in: Sci Rep 2022; 12(1):3568.
6. Zhang YJ, Cao HJ, Li XL, Yang XY, Lai BY, Yang GY, Liu JP. Cupping therapy versus acupuncture for pain-related conditions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and trial sequential analysis. Chin Med 2017; 12:21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-017-0142-0
7. Xu DS, She C, Wang J, Cui JJ, Cai H, Bai WZ. Characteristics of distribution of blood vessels and nerve fibers in the skin tissues of acupoint “Taichong” (LR 3) in the rat. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2016; 41(6):486-491. [Chinese]
8. Jiang N, Xu DS, She C, Chen ZJ, Cui JJ, Wang J, Wu ZC, Bai WZ. Moxa-stick moxibustion activates mast cells of small intestine tissue in rats. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2019; 44(8):583-588. Chinese. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.180735
9. Zhang Z, Xu D, Wang J, Cui J, Wu S, Zou L, Shen Y, Bai W. Correlated Sensory and Sympathetic Innervation Between the Acupoint BL23 and Kidney in the Rat. Front Integ Neurosci 2020; 14:616778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2020.616778
10. Xu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Chen D, Wang M, Jiang X, Xiong Z. The roles of the gut microbiota and chronic low-grade inflammation in older adults with frailty. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:675414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.675414
11. Menees S, Chey W. The gut microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome. F1000Res 2018; 7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14592.1
12. Azzouz LL, Sharma S. Physiology, Large Intestine. [Updated 2021 Aug 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507857/
13. Gorbach SL. Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 95. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7670/
14. D’Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Panichi V, Mariani E, Flamigni F, Borzì RM. Nutraceutical activity in osteoarthritis biology: A focus on the nutrigenomic role. Cells 2020; 9(5):1232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051232
15. Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castorina A, Mobasheri A, Musumeci G. A correlation between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2019; 5(1):e01134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01134
16. Yaklai K, Pattanakuhar S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The role of acupuncture on the gut-brain-microbiota axis in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Chin Med 2021; 49(2):285-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X21500154
17. Wang YL, Qi YN, Wang W, Dong CK, Yi P, Yang F, Tang XS, Tan MS. Effects of decompression joint Governor Vessel electro-acupuncture on rats with acute upper cervical spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13(7):1241-1246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.235062
18. Fan Q, Cavus O, Xiong L, Xia Y. Spinal cord injury: How could acupuncture help? J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2018; 11(4):124-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2018.05.002
19. Fu Y, Li Y, Guo J, Liu B, Liu H, Zhang W, Sun W, Gao Y, Ren Q, Han H. Bloodletting at Jing-well points decreases interstitial fluid flow in the thalamus of rats. J Tradit Chin Med 2016; 36(1):107-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30016-4
20. Liu G, Ma L, Miao TH, Sun JJ, Wang JJ, Wang K, Zhang QP, Yang J. The effect of moxibustion on cognitive attention network function of patients with mild cognitive impairment. World J Acup Moxib 2020; 30:262-267. [Chinese] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.11.008
21. Zhou CL, Zhao L, Shi HY, Liu JW, Shi JW, Kan BH, Li Z, Yu JC, Han JX. Combined acupuncture and HuangDiSan treatment affects behavior and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13(3):541-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.228760
22. Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18(1):59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4
23. Langley RR, Fidler IJ. The seed and soil hypothesis revisited--the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs. Int J Cancer 2011; 128(11):2527-2535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26031
24. Quail DF, Joyce JA. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Med 2013; 19(11):1423-1437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3394
25. Yang M, Wan Y, Jiang X, Qi X, Wang L, Liu Z, Song X, Pan L, Sun W, Zhao W, Huang J, Lian Z. Electro-acupuncture promotes accumulation of paclitaxel by altering tumor microvasculature and microenvironment in breast cancer of mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00576
26. Zhang R, Lao L, Ren K, Berman BM. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain. Anesthesiology 2014; 120(2):482-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101
27. Li S, Ye Y, Chen Z, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y. Efficacy and safety evaluation of acupuncture therapy for patients with salpingitis in IVF-ET: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100(2):e24015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024015
How to Cite
Kim, Y. S. (2022). The Impact of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on the Microenvironment. Science Insights, 41(2), 599–603. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re072
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