Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition in Autistic Children
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Published
Nov 30, 2022
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically perceived as a social communication and behavioral disability. However, it is a neurodevelopmental or brain-based condition with widespread consequences on cognitive and social-emotional development caused by genetic events that begin before birth. Cognitive functions of a higher level or those requiring integrative processing are disproportionately hampered in ASD. Normal children can learn any existing language based on their environment; however autistic youngsters find it difficult. The exploration of autistic children’s cognitive and language features has been greatly influenced by theoretical models and research approaches.
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Keywords
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cognition, Language, Model and Research, Emotions
References
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27. Steiner AM, Koegel LK, Koegel RL, Ence WA. Issues and theoretical constructs regarding parent education for autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2012; 42(6):1218-1227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1194-0
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29. Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success; Board on Children, Youth, and Families; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council; Allen LR, Kelly BB, editors. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2015 Jul 23. 4, Child Development and Early Learning. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310550/
30. Dąbrowska E. What exactly is Universal Grammar, and has anyone seen it? Front Psychol 2015; 6:852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00852
31. Luyster R, Lord C. Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders. Dev Psychol 2009; 45(6):1774-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016223
32. Gordon RL, Jacobs MS, Schuele CM, McAuley JD. Perspectives on the rhythm-grammar link and its implications for typical and atypical language development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1337:16-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12683
33. Dias A, Vasconcelos Marcio, Filho H, Brito A, Vairo G, Souza L. Assessment of pragmatic language in verbal and nonverbal autistic children. Rev de Logop Foniatr y Audiol 2015; 36:15-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlfa.2015.02.001
2. Crowell JA, Keluskar J, Gorecki A. Parenting behavior and the development of children with autism spectrum disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 90:21-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.007
3. Gaigg SB. The interplay between emotion and cognition in autism spectrum disorder: Implications for developmental theory. Front Integr Neurosci 2012; 6:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00113
4. Gallagher S. the interpersonal and emotional beginnings of understanding: A review of peter hobson’s the cradle of thought: Exploring the origins of thinking. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2004; 11:253-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2004.0064
5. Clark LA, Cuthbert B, Lewis-Fernández R, Narrow WE, Reed GM. Three approaches to understanding and classifying mental disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychol Sci Public Interest 2017; 18(2):72-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100617727266
6. Frye RE. Social skills deficits in autism spectrum disorder: potential biological origins and progress in developing therapeutic agents. CNS Drugs 2018; 32(8):713-734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-018-0556-y
7. Kasari C. Brady N, Lord C, Tager-Flusberg H. Assessing the minimally verbal school-aged child with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2013; 6(6):479-493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1334
8. Crespi BJ. Autism as a disorder of high intelligence. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00300
9. Langdell T.Face Perception: An Approach to the Study of Autism. Oxford Publishing, 2020. ISBN-13: 978-0999092897.
10. Dawson G, Jones EJ, Merkle K, Venema K, Lowy R, Faja S, Kamara D, Murias M, Greenson J, Winter J, Smith M, Rogers SJ, Webb SJ. Early behavioral intervention is associated with normalized brain activity in young children with autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51(11):1150-1159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.018
11. Dawson G, Adams A. Imitation and social responsiveness in autistic children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1984; 12(2):209-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00910664
12. Bravo A, Schwartz I. Teaching imitation to young children with autism spectrum disorder using discrete trial training and contingent imitation. J Dev Phys Disabil 2022; 34(4):655-672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-021-09819-4
13. LaGasse AB. Social outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder: A review of music therapy outcomes. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2017; 8:23-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PROM.S106267
14. Cross L, Farha M, Atherton G. The animal in me: enhancing emotion recognition in adolescents with autism using animal filters. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49(11):4482-4487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04179-7
15. Marco EJ, Hinkley LB, Hill SS, Nagarajan SS. Sensory processing in autism: A review of neurophysiologic findings. Pediatr Res 2011; 69(5 Pt 2):48R-54R. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182130c54
16. Malanchini M, Rimfeld K, Gidziela A, Cheesman R, Allegrini AG, Shakeshaft N, Schofield K, Packer A, Ogden R, McMillan A, Ritchie SJ, Dale PS, Eley TC, von Stumm S, Plomin R. Pathfinder: A gamified measure to integrate general cognitive ability into the biological, medical, and behavioural sciences. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26(12):7823-7837. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01300-0
17. Rosello B, Berenguer C, Baixauli I, García R, Miranda A. Theory of mind profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder: Adaptive/social skills and pragmatic competence. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567401
18. Wallace GL, Happé F, Giedd JN. A case study of a multiply talented savant with an autism spectrum disorder: Neuropsychological functioning and brain morphometry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364(1522):1425-1432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0330
19. Happé F. Why are savant skills and special talents associated with autism? World Psychiatry 2018; 17(3):280-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20552
20. Hutcheon E, Wolbring G. “Cripping” resilience: Contributions from disability studies to resilience theory. M/C J 2013; 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.697
21. Diehl JJ, Paul R. Acoustic differences in the imitation of prosodic patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2012; 6(1):123-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.012
22. Asghari SZ, Farashi S, Bashirian S, Jenabi E. Distinctive prosodic features of people with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Sci Rep 2021; 11(1):23093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02487-6
23. Williams DL, Mazefsky CA, Walker JD, Minshew NJ, Goldstein G. Associations between conceptual reasoning, problem solving, and adaptive ability in high-functioning autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 44(11):2908-2920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2190-y
24. Ogundele MO. Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World J Clin Pediatr 2018; 7(1):9-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9
25. Mody M, Belliveau JW. Speech and language impairments in autism: Insights from behavior and neuroimaging. N Am J Med Sci (Boston) 2013;5(3):157-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7156/v5i3p157
26. Modyanova N, Perovic A, Wexler K. Grammar is differentially impaired in subgroups of autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from an investigation of tense marking and morphosyntax. Front Psychol 2017; 8:320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00320
27. Steiner AM, Koegel LK, Koegel RL, Ence WA. Issues and theoretical constructs regarding parent education for autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2012; 42(6):1218-1227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1194-0
28. Leekam S. Social cognitive impairment and autism: what are we trying to explain? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371(1686):20150082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0082
29. Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success; Board on Children, Youth, and Families; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council; Allen LR, Kelly BB, editors. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2015 Jul 23. 4, Child Development and Early Learning. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310550/
30. Dąbrowska E. What exactly is Universal Grammar, and has anyone seen it? Front Psychol 2015; 6:852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00852
31. Luyster R, Lord C. Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders. Dev Psychol 2009; 45(6):1774-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016223
32. Gordon RL, Jacobs MS, Schuele CM, McAuley JD. Perspectives on the rhythm-grammar link and its implications for typical and atypical language development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1337:16-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12683
33. Dias A, Vasconcelos Marcio, Filho H, Brito A, Vairo G, Souza L. Assessment of pragmatic language in verbal and nonverbal autistic children. Rev de Logop Foniatr y Audiol 2015; 36:15-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlfa.2015.02.001
How to Cite
Mostek, J. (2022). Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition in Autistic Children. Science Insights, 41(6), 719–724. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re091
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