Cytokines and Lymphoma
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Published
Jan 31, 2023
Abstract
Currently lymphoma is mainly treated with combination chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, and new targeted therapy, but treatment-related drug resistance, recurrence, extranodal and central infiltration, and leukemic transformation are still clinical problems that need to be solved urgently. Studies have shown that cytokines are expressed to varying degrees in lymphoma patients, which are significantly related to the progression of lymphoma, poor prognosis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. It has been confirmed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 are highly expressed in all types of lymphoma, and IL-10 is highly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system lymphoma, and both of them indicate poor prognosis. This review discusses the role of cytokines in the development and potential treatment of lymphoma.
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Keywords
Cytokines, Lymphoma, Immunotherapy, Lymph Nodes, Outcomes
References
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3. Arango Duque G, Descoteaux A. Macrophage cytokines: Involvement in immunity and infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00491
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5. Hsu SM, Waldron JW Jr, Hsu PL, Hough AJ Jr. Cytokines in malignant lymphomas: Review and prospective evaluation. Hum Pathol 1993; 24(10):1040-1057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(93)90183-h
6. Bhatt S, Sarosiek KA, Lossos IS. Interleukin 21 - its potential role in the therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58(1):17-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2016.1201568
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8. Ross SH, Cantrell DA. Signaling and function of interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 36:411-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053 352
9. Cheng G, Yu A, Malek TR. T-cell tolerance and the multi-functional role of IL-2R signaling in T-regulatory cells. Immunol Rev 2011; 241(1):63-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01004.x
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11. Chiu J, Ernst DM, Keating A. Acquired natural killer cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00267
12. de la Cruz-Merino L, Lejeune M, Nogales Fernández E, Henao Carrasco F, Grueso López A, Illescas Vacas A, Pulla MP, Callau C, Álvaro T. Role of immune escape mechanisms in Hodgkin’s lymphoma development and progression: A whole new world with therapeutic implications. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:756353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/756353
13. Janik JE, Morris JC, Pittaluga S, McDonald K, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES, Grant N, Gutierrez M, Waldmann TA, Wilson WH. Elevated serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2004; 104(10):3355-3357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-3922
14. Nozaki K, Sugahara H, Ueda S, Ishikawa J, Fuji S, Masaie H, Tada Y, Karasuno T, Iida M, Mitsui H, Kamae T, Saito N, Moriyama Y, Kawakami M, Kato R, Nakae Y, Kida T, Kosugi S, Nakagawa M, Uchida Y, Azenishi Y, Sakaniwa R, Kitamura T, Shibayama H. Pretreatment serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor level predicts survival in patients with newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61(9):2113-2121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2020.1759054
15. Yamauchi T, Matsuda Y, Takai M, Tasaki T, Tai K, Hosono N, Negoro E, Ikegaya S, Takagi K, Kishi S, Yoshida A, Urasaki Y, Iwasaki H, Ueda T. Early relapse is associated with high serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor after the sixth cycle of R-CHOP chemotherapy in patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Anticancer Res 2012; 32(11):5051-5057.
16. Vaidya R, Witzig TE. Prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the R(X)CHOP era. Ann Oncol 2014; 25(11):2124-2133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu109
17. Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 family cytokines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10(2):a028415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a028415
18. Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 signalling in health and disease. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-1013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26058.1
19. Kurzrock R, Redman J, Cabanillas F, Jones D, Rothberg J, Talpaz M. Serum interleukin 6 levels are elevated in lymphoma patients and correlate with survival in advanced Hodgkin’s disease and with B symptoms. Cancer Res 1993; 53(9):2118-2122.
20. Tawara K, Oxford JT, Jorcyk CL. Clinical significance of interleukin (IL)-6 in cancer metastasis to bone: Potential of anti-IL-6 therapies. Cancer Manag Res. 2011; 3:177-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CMR.S18101
21. Bhethanabhotla S, Tiwari A, Sharma MC, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Prognostic significance of IL-6 in Hodgkin lymphoma. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86(6):551-554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-02902-x
22. Larousserie F, Kebe D, Huynh T, Audebourg A, Tamburini J, Terris B, Devergne O. Evidence for IL-35 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and impact on the patient’s prognosis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00563
23. Trinchieri G. Interleukin-10 production by effector T cells: Th1 cells show self control. J Exp Med. 2007 Feb 19;204(2):239-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20070104
24. Castro F, Cardoso AP, Gonçalves RM, Serre K, Oliveira MJ. Interferon-gamma at the crossroads of tumor immune surveillance or evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00847
25. Wang H, Wang L, Chi PD, Wang WD, Chen XQ, Geng QR, Xia ZJ, Lu Y. High level of interleukin-10 in serum predicts poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114(4):463-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.11
26. Shao J, Chen K, Li Q, Ma J, Ma Y, Lin Z, Kang H, Chen B. High Level of IL-10 in Cerebrospinal fluid is specific for diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6261-6268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S255482
27. Song Y, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wu W, Zhang Y, Han X, Yang C, Zhang L, Zhou D. Cerebrospinal fluid IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 as accurate diagnostic biomarkers for primary central nervous system large b-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38671
28. Geng M, Song Y, Xiao H, Wu Z, Deng X, Chen C, Wang G. Clinical significance of interleukin-10 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21(1):2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12263
29. Nguyen-Them L, Costopoulos M, Tanguy ML, Houillier C, Choquet S, Benanni H, Elias-Shamieh R, Armand M, Faivre G, Glaisner S, Malak S, Vargaftig J, Hoang-Xuan K, Ahle G, Touitou V, Cassoux N, Davi F, Merle-Béral H, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Soussain C; French LOC Network for CNS Lymphoma. The CSF IL-10 concentration is an effective diagnostic marker in immunocompetent primary CNS lymphoma and a potential prognostic biomarker in treatment-responsive patients. Eur J Cancer 2016; 61:69-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.080
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How to Cite
Omer, R. (2023). Cytokines and Lymphoma. Science Insights, 42(1), 793–798. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re117
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